A strange thing happened when Christopher DeLara filed for disability benefits after his tour in Iraq: The U.S. Army said it had no records showing he had ever been overseas.
DeLara had searing memories of his combat experiences. A friend bled to death before his eyes. He saw an insurgent shoot his commander in the head. And, most hauntingly, he recalled firing at an Iraqi boy who had attacked his convoy.
The Army said it could find no field records documenting any of these incidents.
DeLara appealed, fighting for five years before a judge accepted the
testimony of an officer in his unit. By then he had divorced, was
briefly homeless and had sought solace in drugs and alcohol.
DeLara's case is part of a much larger problem that has plagued the
U.S. military since the 1990 Gulf War: a failure to create and maintain
the types of field records that have documented American conflicts since
the Revolutionary War.
A joint investigation by ProPublica and The Seattle Times has found
that the recordkeeping breakdown was especially acute in the early years
of the Iraq war, when insurgents deployed improvised bombs with
devastating effects on U.S. soldiers. The military has also lost or
destroyed records from Afghanistan, according to officials and
previously undisclosed documents.
The loss of field records — after-action write-ups, intelligence
reports and other day-to-day accounts from the war zones — has
far-reaching implications. It has complicated efforts by soldiers like
DeLara to claim benefits. And it makes it harder for military
strategists to learn the lessons from Iraq and Afghanistan, two of the
nation's most protracted wars.
Military officers and historians say field records provide the
granular details that, when woven together, tell larger stories hidden
from participants in the day-to-day confusion of combat.
The Army says it has taken steps to improve handling of records —
including better training and more emphasis from top commanders. But
officials familiar with the problem said the missing material may never
be retrieved.
"I can't even start to describe the dimensions of the problem," said Conrad C. Crane, director of the U.S. Army's
Military History Institute. "I fear we're never really going to know clearly what happened in Iraq and Afghanistan because we don't have the records..."
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